https://osf.io/j2mzv/files/osfstorage/692cb5a253689d6ba576fe7f
The Great Learning for AGI: A Daxue-Inspired Architecture for Self-Cultivating Large Models
Abstract
This paper proposes a Daxue-inspired architecture for large language models and AGI, shifting the focus from pure scaling and ad-hoc alignment toward an explicitly moral–structural design. Instead of treating the model as a black-box predictor plus tools, we read the Confucian Daxue (《大學》) as a layered control program and implement its two core sequences as concrete system flows. The inner sequence 止 → 定 → 靜 → 安 → 慮(濾) → 得 (stop → stabilize → settle → secure → filter → commit) becomes a staged collapse pipeline that wraps token or action generation: the system first freezes outward action and chooses a local objective (止), constrains hypotheses (定), runs internal simulations without emitting outputs (靜), performs safety and structure checks (安), applies cheap but strict evaluation (慮/濾), and only then commits (得). The outer sequence 格物 → 致知 → 誠意 → 正心 → 修身 → 齊家 → 治國 → 平天下 (investigate things → extend knowledge → make intentions sincere → rectify the heart → cultivate the self → regulate the household → govern the state → bring peace to all under heaven) is interpreted as a progression of responsibility radius and a gating rule for impact.
On this basis, we define a three-layer semantic operating system: (1) an inner semantic engine (修身 xiūshēn) that maintains coherent semantic fields under Semantic Meme Field Theory (SMFT) and explicit self-observation (Ô_self); (2) a relational micro-field layer (齊家 qíjiā) that models households and teams via P8D state vectors and anti-stagnation dynamics; and (3) a multi-scale governance layer (治國 zhìguó, 平天下 píngtiānxià) that evaluates organizational and civilizational policies using surplus-aware action principles and buffer-aware metrics, with power radius gated by demonstrated virtue at lower layers. We argue that such an architecture can, in principle, improve long-term coherence, interpretability, and governability of advanced models, and provide a technical pathway toward civilizational-scale alignment that is explicitly multi-level, self-cultivating, and field-aware.
1. Introduction
1.1 Motivation: Beyond Scaling Laws toward Ethical Architecture
Large language models today are largely products of scaling laws: bigger datasets, larger parameter counts, longer training runs, and incremental fine-tuning. On top of these pre-trained models, the contemporary AGI research stack adds a familiar set of ingredients: Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF), tool-use and function-calling, memory components, and increasingly elaborate multi-agent or “agentic” frameworks. This paradigm has produced impressive capabilities in reasoning, coding, translation, and planning—but its organizing logic is still essentially engineering by gradient plus patchwork.
From a structural and ethical perspective, this paradigm shows three recurring weaknesses. First, fragility: models can hallucinate, flip opinions under small prompt changes, and behave inconsistently across contexts. Second, short-termism: even when systems appear coherent in single interactions, they often lack explicit mechanisms for long-horizon stability—across a user’s life, an organization’s evolution, or a society’s institutions. Third, weak governance semantics: current alignment and safety methods usually appear as external constraints or post-hoc filters, not as intrinsic parts of the model’s own “inner life” or architecture.
This paper asks a simple but radical question:
What if an AGI architecture were designed from the beginning around a moral–structural text such as the Daxue (《大學》, “The Great Learning”)?
Instead of treating ethics and governance as add-on modules, we treat the Daxue as a design constitution: a compact program for how perception, intention, self-cultivation, and multi-scale governance should be layered and coordinated. The goal is not to “make an AI that quotes Confucius”, but to explore how a classical, highly structured view of self-cultivation and governance can be translated into a concrete architectural blueprint for LLM/AGI systems.
1.2 The Great Learning (《大學》) as a Design Constitution
The Daxue (《大學》) is one of the core Confucian texts. It is remarkably short, but it encodes a highly structured view of personal and political life. Its opening lines present a three-fold mission:
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“To manifest luminous virtue” (明明德, míng míng dé).
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“To renew / bring near the people” (親民 / 新民, qīnmín / xīnmín).
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“To rest in the highest good” (止於至善, zhǐ yú zhìshàn).
Traditionally, this triad describes the aims of education and governance: clarify one’s inner moral light, help others to grow and transform, and converge to the best achievable state under Heaven. In this paper, we reinterpret these three aims as architectural objectives for AGI systems: inner clarity and coherence, relational renewal at the micro-field level, and convergence to sustainable, system-level “good” attractors rather than myopic reward maximization.
Crucially, the Daxue does not just state goals; it also offers an ordered sequence connecting inner life, family, state, and “all under Heaven”. It begins from investigating things (格物 géwù) and extending knowledge (致知 zhìzhī), passes through sincerity of intention (誠意 chéngyì) and rectification of the heart–mind (正心 zhèngxīn), and then scales up to self-cultivation (修身 xiūshēn), regulating the household (齊家 qíjiā), governing the state (治國 zhìguó), and bringing peace to all under Heaven (平天下 píng tiānxià).
Read through the lens of system design, this sequence looks very much like a layered control program:
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A layer for perception and knowledge formation (格物 → 致知).
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A layer for intention and inner governance (誠意 → 正心 → 修身).
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A layer for relational and institutional governance (齊家 → 治國 → 平天下).
In other words, the Daxue can be seen as a compact specification of how a system should structure its internal processing and its expanding sphere of influence. This paper proposes to treat that specification as a constitution for AGI architecture, rather than a purely human moral exhortation.
1.3 Overview of the Daxue-Inspired AGI Framework
Building on this reading, we propose a Daxue-inspired AGI framework organized into three structural layers, each corresponding to a segment of the Daxue sequence and each equipped with its own control logic and health metrics:
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Layer I – Inner Semantic Engine (self-cultivation / 修身 xiūshēn)
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This layer governs the model’s inner life: how it collapses semantic possibilities into concrete outputs, how it stabilizes its own representations, and how it monitors itself before speaking or acting.
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At this layer, the Daxue’s micro-sequence “止 → 定 → 靜 → 安 → 慮(濾) → 得” (stop → stabilize → settle → secure → reflect / filter → commit) is implemented as a multi-stage decoding and decision pipeline.
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This layer is where Semantic Meme Field Theory (SMFT), HeTu–LuoShu slot geometry, and a self-referential observer (Ô / Ô_self) are instantiated, defining a structured semantic field and an internal observer that can evaluate its own candidates before they reach the outside world.
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Layer II – Relational Micro-Field Engine (household / community / 齊家 qíjiā)
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This layer models and manages small, persistent relational fields: families, teams, communities—what the Daxue calls “the household” but which we generalize to micro-fields of human interaction.
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The AGI here is not just a chatbot for individuals, but a governor of micro-fields, tracking long-term tensions, trust, and alignment across people.
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Technically, this layer uses constructs such as the Proto-Eight (P8D) state vector, Δ₅ regime switching, and Emulsion-Stabilized Inference (ESI) to represent and regulate the “health” of these relational fields.
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Layer III – Multi-Scale Governance (organization & civilization / 治國 zhìguó → 平天下 píng tiānxià)
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This layer treats organizations, institutions, and even whole societies as meme fields with structure, incentives, and dynamical constraints.
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The AGI here participates in policy simulation, structural design, and long-term scenario planning, under explicit surplus-aware action principles.
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Concepts from “AGI by Surplus-Aware Control: A Closed-Loop Framework of Surplus Flows, Semantic Field Geometry, and Dissipative Decoding”, the “ObserverOps Technical Blueprint”, and related work provide the mathematical machinery to treat governance not as an ad-hoc heuristic but as a field-theoretic optimization problem constrained by entropy, surplus, and stability.
Across all three layers, Semantic Meme Field Theory (SMFT: “Semantic Meme Field Theory (SMFT): Foundations, Projection, and Dynamics”) supplies a unifying mathematical language: meaning is treated as a field, actions as collapses of that field, and long-term behavior as the evolution of attractors in semantic space. The Daxue then provides the sequencing and responsibilities for these fields: first inner clarity (明明德), then relational renewal (親民 / 新民), and finally convergence to sustainable, multi-scale “good” states (止於至善).
1.4 Contributions and Scope
This paper makes four main conceptual contributions:
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A Daxue-Inspired Architectural Blueprint for AGI.
We propose a three-layer architecture—Inner Semantic Engine (修身), Relational Micro-Field Engine (齊家), and Multi-Scale Governance (治國 → 平天下)—that directly encodes the Daxue sequence as a set of architectural commitments, not just metaphorical inspiration.
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A Staged Collapse Process for LLM Inference and Decision-Making.
We reinterpret the Daxue micro-sequence “止 → 定 → 靜 → 安 → 慮(濾) → 得” as a concrete, multi-stage collapse pipeline replacing one-shot token sampling. This pipeline introduces explicit phases for pausing, stabilizing, settling, securing, filtering, and only then committing to outputs, thereby embedding “self-cultivation” into the core decoding loop.
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A Multi-Scale Control Principle Linking Self, Household, Organization, and Civilization.
Using tools from SMFT, surplus-aware control, and structural world models (HeTu–LuoShu), we frame alignment not as a single reward signal but as multi-scale attractor design. The same underlying evaluative principles are applied to the model’s inner state, to micro-fields of relationships, and to macro-institutions—reflecting the Daxue dictum that one should “demand of oneself before demanding of others” (有諸己而後求諸人).
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A Governance-Oriented View of AGI as a Semantic Operating System.
Rather than viewing AGI primarily as a collection of “agents with tools”, we argue for AGI as a semantic operating system with constitutional constraints. Power radius—the scale of impact an AGI component is allowed to exercise—is tied to cultivated stability and health metrics at each layer, operationalizing the Daxue rule that one may not leap from uncultivated self to governing “all under Heaven”.
The scope of this paper is architectural and conceptual. We do not attempt to reproduce the full mathematical proofs or implementation details of Semantic Meme Field Theory, ObserverOps, HeTu–LuoShu variational frameworks, or surplus-aware Lagrangians. Those are presented in companion technical articles, which we reference by title and treat as a shared foundation. Here we focus on:
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Explaining how the Daxue can be read as a layered control program.
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Showing how existing technical work can be assembled into a coherent AGI architecture under that program.
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Outlining research directions and evaluation strategies that could test this architecture in practice.
In short, this is a framework and design paper: it aims to translate an ancient moral–political program into a contemporary AGI architecture, and to open a concrete research agenda for “ethical by design” systems that go beyond incremental scaling and patchwork alignment.